说明文的几种写作方法|说明文的写作方法

　　英语写作是"听、说、读、写"四项技能中较难掌握的一项,同时也是大学英语教学中最为薄弱的环节,下面是小编整理的说明文的几种写作方法， 希望对大家有帮助。

　　说明文的几种写作方法

　　1.举例法(examples)

　　举例法是用具体的例子来说明我们要表达的意思，常用for example， for instance， still another example is…等词语引出

　　2.罗列法(listing)

　　在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点，然后常用first，second，…and finally加以罗列说明。罗列法广泛地使用于各类指导性的说明文之中

　　罗列法经常用下列句式展开段落，我们可以注意模仿学习：

　　There are several good reasons why we should learn a foreign language. First of all， …Secondly， …And finally， …

　　We should try our best to plant more trees for several good reasons First of all， …Secondly， …And finally，

　　必须指出的是，有时罗列法并不一定有明确的first， second…等词，但文章还是以罗列论据展开的。

　　3.比较法(comparison and contrast)

　　比较法是对两个对象进行比较，从而进行说明的写作手法。比较法又可细分为比较相同点(comparison)和比较不同点(contrast)两种方法，比如：

　　From Paragraph to Essay

　　Although they are different in length (长度)， the paragraph and the essay are quite similar in structure (结构)。 For example， the paragraph starts with either a topic sentence (主题句) or a topic introducer followed by a topic sentence. In the essay， the first paragraph sets up the topic focus (主题所在) Next， the sentences in the body of a paragraph develop the topic sentence. Similarly， the body of an essay consists of a number of paragraphs that discuss and support the ideas given in the introductory (引导的) paragraph. Finally， a concluding sentence (结束句) ——whether a restatement， conclusion， or observation——ends the paragraph. The essay， too， has a concluding paragraph which ends the essay logically and satisfactorily. Although there are some exceptions (例外)， most well written expository (说明文的) paragraphs and essays are similar in structure.

　　可以看出，在比较相同点的时候，常用到similarly，also，too，in the same case，in spite of the difference等这样的词语。

　　4.定义法(definition)

　　定义法也是英语说明文中常用的写作手法，特别是在对具体事物概念进行说明时经常使用。定义法的基本要素是定义句。英语中常见定义句的模式是：

　　被定义对象is所属类别+限制性定语

　　可以看出，定义句中限制性定语越详细，定义就越精确，比如：

　　A bat is a small mouse-like animal that flies at night and feeds on(以……为食品)fruit and insects but is not a bird.

　　其实，在英—英词典中，对英语单词的英文解释就是定义法的典型例子。比如，看看Longman词典对student和teacher的定义是很有意思的：A student is a person who is studying at a place of education or training. A teacher is a person who gives knowledge or skill to sb. as a profession (专业)。

　　5.顺序法(sequence of time， space and process)

　　顺序法是指按时间、空间或过程的顺序进行说明的一种写作手法。比如按照时间顺序介绍一个科学家的生平，用空间顺序阐述逐渐开发西部的重要意义，用过程顺序法解释葡萄酒的生产过程等等。

　　6.分类法(classification)

　　分类法是将写作对象进行分类说明的一种写作手法。比如：著名的英国哲学家弗朗西斯·培根(Francis Bacon)在其脍炙人口的《谈读书》(Of Studies)一文中就用到了分类法：

　　Some books are to be tasted， others to be swallowed， and some few to be chewed and digested， that is， some books are to be read only in parts， others to be read， but not curiously， and some few to be read wholly， and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy， and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments， and the meaner sort of books…

　　参考译文：书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读，取其所需摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者……